All-in-One GPA\/CGPA\/Percentage Converter<\/title>\n <style>\n * {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n }\n\n :root {\n --primary-orange: #FF8C42;\n --primary-orange-light: #FFB366;\n --primary-orange-dark: #E67E2F;\n --text-dark: #1a1a1a;\n --text-light: #666666;\n --bg-light: #f8f9fa;\n --bg-white: #ffffff;\n --border-color: #e0e0e0;\n --success-color: #4CAF50;\n --error-color: #f44336;\n --warning-color: #FFA500;\n --shadow-sm: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n --shadow-md: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n --transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);\n }\n\n @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n :root {\n --text-dark: #f0f0f0;\n --text-light: #b0b0b0;\n --bg-light: #1e1e1e;\n --bg-white: #2d2d2d;\n --border-color: #404040;\n }\n }\n\n html, body {\n width: 100%;\n height: 100%;\n }\n\n body {\n font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n background: transparent;\n color: var(--text-dark);\n padding: 20px;\n margin: 0;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n min-height: 100vh;\n }\n\n .gpa-converter-wrapper {\n max-width: 700px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n background: var(--bg-white);\n border-radius: 16px;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n padding: 32px 24px;\n transition: var(--transition);\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .converter-header {\n margin-bottom: 28px;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .converter-title {\n font-size: 28px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--text-dark);\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n letter-spacing: -0.5px;\n }\n\n .converter-subtitle {\n font-size: 13px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n font-weight: 500;\n letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n\n .tab-selector {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(110px, 1fr));\n gap: 8px;\n margin-bottom: 24px;\n padding-bottom: 16px;\n border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color);\n overflow-x: auto;\n padding-right: 10px;\n scroll-behavior: smooth;\n }\n\n .tab-selector::-webkit-scrollbar {\n height: 4px;\n }\n\n .tab-selector::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\n background: transparent;\n }\n\n .tab-selector::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n background: var(--primary-orange);\n border-radius: 2px;\n }\n\n .tab-btn {\n padding: 10px 14px;\n background: var(--bg-light);\n border: 2px solid var(--border-color);\n border-radius: 8px;\n font-size: 11px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-light);\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: var(--transition);\n text-align: center;\n white-space: nowrap;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n font-family: inherit;\n }\n\n .tab-btn:hover {\n border-color: var(--primary-orange);\n color: var(--primary-orange);\n background: rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.05);\n }\n\n .tab-btn.active {\n background: var(--primary-orange);\n border-color: var(--primary-orange);\n color: white;\n transform: translateY(-2px);\n box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.3);\n }\n\n .form-group {\n margin-bottom: 22px;\n }\n\n .form-label {\n display: block;\n font-size: 13px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-dark);\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n\n .form-control {\n width: 100%;\n padding: 12px 14px;\n background: var(--bg-light);\n border: 2px solid var(--border-color);\n border-radius: 8px;\n font-size: 14px;\n color: var(--text-dark);\n transition: var(--transition);\n font-family: inherit;\n appearance: none;\n -webkit-appearance: none;\n -moz-appearance: none;\n }\n\n .form-control:focus {\n outline: none;\n border-color: var(--primary-orange);\n background: var(--bg-white);\n box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.15);\n }\n\n .form-control:focus-visible {\n outline: none;\n }\n\n .form-control::placeholder {\n color: var(--text-light);\n }\n\n .form-control:disabled {\n opacity: 0.6;\n cursor: not-allowed;\n }\n\n select.form-control {\n background-image: url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' width='12' height='12' viewBox='0 0 12 12'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FF8C42' d='M1 4l5 4 5-4'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");\n background-repeat: no-repeat;\n background-position: right 12px center;\n padding-right: 36px;\n }\n\n .form-row {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n gap: 14px;\n }\n\n .form-row.full {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n }\n\n .result-section {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.1) 0%, rgba(255, 179, 102, 0.05) 100%);\n border: 2px solid var(--primary-orange);\n border-radius: 12px;\n padding: 24px;\n margin-bottom: 22px;\n text-align: center;\n min-height: 160px;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: center;\n }\n\n .result-label {\n font-size: 12px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--text-light);\n text-transform: uppercase;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n letter-spacing: 1px;\n }\n\n .result-value {\n font-size: 52px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--primary-orange);\n letter-spacing: -1px;\n word-break: break-word;\n animation: slideIn 0.4s ease-out;\n min-height: 62px;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;\n }\n\n @keyframes slideIn {\n from {\n opacity: 0;\n transform: translateY(10px);\n }\n to {\n opacity: 1;\n transform: translateY(0);\n }\n }\n\n .progress-bar {\n width: 100%;\n height: 8px;\n background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n border-radius: 4px;\n margin-top: 16px;\n overflow: hidden;\n box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n }\n\n .progress-fill {\n height: 100%;\n background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-orange) 0%, var(--primary-orange-light) 100%);\n border-radius: 4px;\n transition: width 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);\n min-width: 0;\n box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.3);\n }\n\n .formula-display {\n font-size: 12px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n margin-top: 12px;\n font-family: 'Courier New', 'Courier', monospace;\n padding: 10px 12px;\n background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);\n border-radius: 6px;\n word-break: break-all;\n max-height: 50px;\n overflow-y: auto;\n line-height: 1.5;\n }\n\n .formula-display::-webkit-scrollbar {\n width: 4px;\n }\n\n .formula-display::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n background: var(--primary-orange);\n border-radius: 2px;\n }\n\n .button-group {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n gap: 14px;\n margin-bottom: 14px;\n }\n\n .btn {\n padding: 13px 18px;\n border: none;\n border-radius: 8px;\n font-size: 13px;\n font-weight: 600;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: var(--transition);\n text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-family: inherit;\n user-select: none;\n }\n\n .btn:active {\n transform: translateY(1px);\n }\n\n .btn-primary {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-orange) 0%, var(--primary-orange-dark) 100%);\n color: white;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.3);\n }\n\n .btn-primary:hover:not(:disabled) {\n transform: translateY(-2px);\n box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.4);\n }\n\n .btn-secondary {\n background: var(--bg-light);\n color: var(--text-dark);\n border: 2px solid var(--border-color);\n }\n\n .btn-secondary:hover:not(:disabled) {\n border-color: var(--primary-orange);\n color: var(--primary-orange);\n background: rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.05);\n }\n\n .btn:disabled {\n opacity: 0.5;\n cursor: not-allowed;\n }\n\n .notification {\n position: fixed;\n top: 20px;\n right: 20px;\n padding: 14px 18px;\n background: var(--text-dark);\n color: white;\n border-radius: 8px;\n font-size: 13px;\n z-index: 10000;\n animation: slideInRight 0.3s ease-out;\n max-width: 320px;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n word-wrap: break-word;\n border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-orange);\n }\n\n @keyframes slideInRight {\n from {\n opacity: 0;\n transform: translateX(400px);\n }\n to {\n opacity: 1;\n transform: translateX(0);\n }\n }\n\n .notification.success {\n background: var(--success-color);\n border-left-color: #2e7d32;\n }\n\n .notification.error {\n background: var(--error-color);\n border-left-color: #c62828;\n }\n\n .notification.warning {\n background: var(--warning-color);\n border-left-color: #e65100;\n }\n\n .notification.info {\n background: #1976d2;\n border-left-color: #0d47a1;\n }\n\n .helper-text {\n font-size: 12px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n margin-top: 6px;\n line-height: 1.5;\n }\n\n .validation-message {\n font-size: 12px;\n margin-top: 8px;\n padding: 10px 12px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n display: none;\n animation: slideIn 0.3s ease-out;\n border-left: 3px solid;\n }\n\n .validation-message.error {\n color: #c62828;\n background: rgba(244, 67, 54, 0.1);\n border-left-color: var(--error-color);\n display: block;\n }\n\n .validation-message.success {\n color: #2e7d32;\n background: rgba(76, 175, 80, 0.1);\n border-left-color: var(--success-color);\n display: block;\n }\n\n .validation-message.warning {\n color: #e65100;\n background: rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.1);\n border-left-color: var(--warning-color);\n display: block;\n }\n\n .swap-btn {\n width: 48px;\n height: 48px;\n background: var(--bg-light);\n border: 2px solid var(--border-color);\n border-radius: 8px;\n cursor: pointer;\n display: none;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n transition: var(--transition);\n margin: 0 auto 18px;\n font-size: 20px;\n font-weight: bold;\n color: var(--primary-orange);\n padding: 0;\n font-family: inherit;\n }\n\n .swap-btn:hover:not(:disabled) {\n border-color: var(--primary-orange);\n background: rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.1);\n transform: rotate(180deg);\n }\n\n .swap-btn:active {\n transform: rotate(180deg) translateY(1px);\n }\n\n .swap-btn.visible {\n display: flex;\n }\n\n .info-box {\n background: rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.08);\n border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-orange);\n padding: 12px 14px;\n margin-top: 14px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n font-size: 12px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n line-height: 1.5;\n }\n\n .formula-helper {\n background: rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);\n border-left: 3px solid #1976d2;\n padding: 10px 12px;\n margin-top: 8px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n font-size: 11px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n font-family: monospace;\n }\n\n .loading-spinner {\n display: inline-block;\n width: 12px;\n height: 12px;\n border: 2px solid rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.2);\n border-top-color: var(--primary-orange);\n border-radius: 50%;\n animation: spin 0.8s linear infinite;\n }\n\n @keyframes spin {\n to { transform: rotate(360deg); }\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 600px) {\n .gpa-converter-wrapper {\n padding: 22px 16px;\n }\n\n .converter-title {\n font-size: 24px;\n }\n\n .result-value {\n font-size: 40px;\n min-height: 50px;\n }\n\n .tab-selector {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\n gap: 6px;\n }\n\n .tab-btn {\n font-size: 10px;\n padding: 9px 10px;\n }\n\n .form-row {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n gap: 12px;\n }\n\n .button-group {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n gap: 10px;\n }\n\n .notification {\n left: 10px;\n right: 10px;\n max-width: none;\n top: auto;\n bottom: 20px;\n }\n\n .result-section {\n padding: 18px;\n min-height: 140px;\n }\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 400px) {\n .converter-title {\n font-size: 20px;\n }\n\n .tab-selector {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n }\n\n .result-value {\n font-size: 32px;\n }\n\n .gpa-converter-wrapper {\n padding: 16px 12px;\n }\n }\n\n input[type=\"number\"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button,\n input[type=\"number\"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button {\n -webkit-appearance: none;\n margin: 0;\n }\n\n input[type=\"number\"] {\n -moz-appearance: textfield;\n }\n\n optgroup {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-dark);\n background: var(--bg-light);\n }\n\n option {\n color: var(--text-dark);\n background: var(--bg-white);\n padding: 8px;\n }\n\n .grade-description {\n font-size: 11px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n margin-top: 4px;\n font-style: italic;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"gpa-converter-wrapper\">\n <div class=\"converter-header\">\n <div class=\"converter-title\">GPA\/CGPA Converter<\/div>\n <div class=\"converter-subtitle\">Advanced Multi-System Converter<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"tab-selector\" id=\"tabSelector\" role=\"tablist\"><\/div>\n\n <form id=\"converterForm\" onsubmit=\"return false;\" novalidate>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"systemSelect\">System\/University<\/label>\n <select id=\"systemSelect\" class=\"form-control\">\n <optgroup label=\"Indian Systems\">\n <option value=\"cbse\">CBSE \/ Most Universities<\/option>\n <option value=\"iit\">IITs \/ NIT<\/option>\n <option value=\"universal10\">Universal 10-Point Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"anna\">Anna University<\/option>\n <option value=\"vtu\">VTU System<\/option>\n <option value=\"delhi\">Delhi University<\/option>\n <option value=\"mumbai\">Mumbai University<\/option>\n <option value=\"aktu\">AKTU<\/option>\n <option value=\"ignou\">IGNOU<\/option>\n <\/optgroup>\n <optgroup label=\"International Systems\">\n <option value=\"gpa4\">International 4.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"gpa5\">International 5.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"ects\">ECTS (European)<\/option>\n <option value=\"uk\">UK Honours Classification<\/option>\n <option value=\"canada\">Canadian GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"australia\">Australian GPA<\/option>\n <\/optgroup>\n <optgroup label=\"Advanced\">\n <option value=\"custom\">Custom Formula<\/option>\n <\/optgroup>\n <\/select>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Select your institution or grading system<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div id=\"inputSection\"><\/div>\n\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"swap-btn\" id=\"swapBtn\" title=\"Swap conversion direction\" onclick=\"swapConversion()\" aria-label=\"Swap conversion\">\u21c5<\/button>\n\n <div class=\"result-section\">\n <div class=\"result-label\">Result<\/div>\n <div class=\"result-value\" id=\"resultValue\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\">–<\/div>\n <div class=\"progress-bar\">\n <div class=\"progress-fill\" id=\"progressFill\" style=\"width: 0%\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"formula-display\" id=\"formulaDisplay\" title=\"Current conversion formula\">–<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div id=\"validationMessage\" class=\"validation-message\" role=\"alert\" aria-live=\"assertive\"><\/div>\n\n <div class=\"button-group\">\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-primary\" id=\"copyBtn\" onclick=\"copyResult()\" aria-label=\"Copy result to clipboard\">\n \ud83d\udccb Copy\n <\/button>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-secondary\" id=\"resetBtn\" onclick=\"resetForm()\" aria-label=\"Reset all fields\">\n \ud83d\udd04 Reset\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"info-box\" id=\"infoBox\"><\/div>\n <\/form>\n <\/div>\n\n <script>\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ CORE DATA & CONFIGURATION\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \n const CONVERSION_SYSTEMS = {\n cbse: {\n name: 'CBSE \/ Most Indian Universities',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 9.5, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 9.5, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 9.5'\n },\n iit: {\n name: 'IITs \/ National Institute of Technology',\n formula: (val) => round((val * 10) - 7.5, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round((val + 7.5) \/ 10, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = (CGPA \u00d7 10) - 7.5'\n },\n universal10: {\n name: 'Universal 10-Point Scale',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 10, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 10, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 10'\n },\n anna: {\n name: 'Anna University',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 10, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 10, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 10'\n },\n vtu: {\n name: 'VTU (Visvesvaraya Technological University)',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 9.5, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 9.5, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 9.5'\n },\n delhi: {\n name: 'Delhi University',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 9.5, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 9.5, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 9.5'\n },\n mumbai: {\n name: 'Mumbai University',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 10, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 10, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 10'\n },\n aktu: {\n name: 'Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 9.5, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 9.5, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 9.5'\n },\n ignou: {\n name: 'Indira Gandhi National Open University',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 10, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 10, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 10'\n },\n gpa4: {\n name: 'International 4.0 GPA Scale',\n formula: (val) => round((val \/ 4) * 100, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round((val \/ 100) * 4, 2),\n inputLabel: 'GPA (0-4.0)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 4,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = (GPA \u00f7 4) \u00d7 100'\n },\n gpa5: {\n name: 'International 5.0 GPA Scale',\n formula: (val) => round((val \/ 5) * 100, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round((val \/ 100) * 5, 2),\n inputLabel: 'GPA (0-5.0)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 5,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = (GPA \u00f7 5) \u00d7 100'\n },\n ects: {\n name: 'ECTS - European Credit Transfer System',\n formula: (val) => {\n if (val >= 90) return 'A (Excellent)';\n if (val >= 80) return 'B (Very Good)';\n if (val >= 70) return 'C (Good)';\n if (val >= 60) return 'D (Satisfactory)';\n if (val >= 50) return 'E (Sufficient)';\n return 'F (Fail)';\n },\n inverse: (val) => 75,\n inputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n outputLabel: 'ECTS Grade',\n min: 0,\n max: 100,\n decimals: 0,\n isGrade: true,\n formulaText: 'ECTS: 90+=A, 80+=B, 70+=C, 60+=D, 50+=E, <50=F'\n },\n uk: {\n name: 'UK Honours Classification',\n formula: (val) => {\n if (val >= 70) return 'First Class Honours';\n if (val >= 60) return 'Upper Second Class';\n if (val >= 50) return 'Lower Second Class';\n if (val >= 40) return 'Third Class';\n return 'Fail';\n },\n inverse: (val) => 65,\n inputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n outputLabel: 'Classification',\n min: 0,\n max: 100,\n decimals: 0,\n isGrade: true,\n formulaText: 'UK: 70+=1st, 60+=2:1, 50+=2:2, 40+=3rd, <40=Fail'\n },\n canada: {\n name: 'Canadian GPA System',\n formula: (val) => round((val \/ 4) * 100, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round((val \/ 100) * 4, 2),\n inputLabel: 'GPA (0-4.0)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 4,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = (GPA \u00f7 4) \u00d7 100'\n },\n australia: {\n name: 'Australian GPA System',\n formula: (val) => round((val \/ 7) * 100, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round((val \/ 100) * 7, 2),\n inputLabel: 'GPA (0-7.0)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 7,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = (GPA \u00f7 7) \u00d7 100'\n }\n };\n\n const CONVERSION_TYPES = [\n { id: 'cgpa2percent', label: 'CGPA \u2192 %', from: 'cgpa', to: 'percent' },\n { id: 'percent2cgpa', label: '% \u2192 CGPA', from: 'percent', to: 'cgpa' },\n { id: 'gpa2percent', label: 'GPA \u2192 %', from: 'gpa', to: 'percent' },\n { id: 'percent2gpa', label: '% \u2192 GPA', from: 'percent', to: 'gpa' },\n { id: 'gpa2cgpa', label: 'GPA \u21c4 CGPA', from: 'gpa', to: 'cgpa' },\n { id: 'cgpa2gpa', label: 'CGPA \u21c4 GPA', from: 'cgpa', to: 'gpa' },\n { id: 'grade2percent', label: 'Grade \u2192 %', from: 'grade', to: 'percent' },\n { id: 'percent2grade', label: '% \u2192 Grade', from: 'percent', to: 'grade' },\n { id: 'gpa_scale', label: 'GPA Scale', from: 'gpa', to: 'gpa' },\n { id: 'intl_gpa', label: 'Intl GPA', from: 'gpa', to: 'gpa' }\n ];\n\n const GRADE_MAPPING = {\n 'O': { percent: 90, gpa4: 4.0, gpa5: 5.0, description: 'Outstanding' },\n 'A+': { percent: 85, gpa4: 4.0, gpa5: 4.5, description: 'Excellent' },\n 'A': { percent: 80, gpa4: 3.8, gpa5: 4.2, description: 'Very Good' },\n 'B+': { percent: 75, gpa4: 3.5, gpa5: 3.8, description: 'Good' },\n 'B': { percent: 70, gpa4: 3.0, gpa5: 3.5, description: 'Satisfactory' },\n 'C+': { percent: 65, gpa4: 2.7, gpa5: 3.0, description: 'Acceptable' },\n 'C': { percent: 60, gpa4: 2.5, gpa5: 2.5, description: 'Average' },\n 'D': { percent: 50, gpa4: 2.0, gpa5: 2.0, description: 'Pass' },\n 'F': { percent: 0, gpa4: 0, gpa5: 0, description: 'Fail' }\n };\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ UTILITY FUNCTIONS\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n function round(num, decimals) {\n if (typeof num !== 'number' || !isFinite(num)) return 0;\n const factor = Math.pow(10, decimals);\n return Math.round(num * factor) \/ factor;\n }\n\n function isValidNumber(val) {\n const num = parseFloat(val);\n return !isNaN(num) && isFinite(num);\n }\n\n function getElement(id) {\n return document.getElementById(id) || null;\n }\n\n function setElementText(id, text) {\n const el = getElement(id);\n if (el) el.textContent = String(text);\n }\n\n function getElementValue(id) {\n const el = getElement(id);\n return el ? el.value : '';\n }\n\n function setElementValue(id, value) {\n const el = getElement(id);\n if (el) el.value = String(value);\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ STATE MANAGEMENT\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n let appState = {\n currentConversion: 'cgpa2percent',\n currentSystem: 'cbse',\n lastInputValue: '',\n lastSwappedValue: ''\n };\n\n function loadState() {\n try {\n const saved = localStorage.getItem('gpaConverterState');\n if (saved) {\n const parsed = JSON.parse(saved);\n if (parsed.currentSystem && CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[parsed.currentSystem]) {\n appState.currentSystem = parsed.currentSystem;\n }\n if (parsed.currentConversion && CONVERSION_TYPES.find(c => c.id === parsed.currentConversion)) {\n appState.currentConversion = parsed.currentConversion;\n }\n }\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Load state error:', error);\n }\n }\n\n function saveState() {\n try {\n localStorage.setItem('gpaConverterState', JSON.stringify(appState));\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Save state error:', error);\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ INITIALIZATION\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n function initialize() {\n try {\n loadState();\n renderTabs();\n renderSystemSelect();\n renderInputSection();\n setupEventListeners();\n updateInfoBox();\n updateSwapButtonVisibility();\n handleConversion();\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Initialization error:', error);\n showNotification('Initialization error. Please refresh.', 'error');\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ RENDERING FUNCTIONS\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n function renderTabs() {\n const container = getElement('tabSelector');\n if (!container) return;\n\n container.innerHTML = '';\n container.setAttribute('role', 'tablist');\n\n CONVERSION_TYPES.forEach((conv, index) => {\n const btn = document.createElement('button');\n btn.type = 'button';\n btn.className = `tab-btn ${conv.id === appState.currentConversion ? 'active' : ''}`;\n btn.textContent = conv.label;\n btn.onclick = (e) => {\n e.preventDefault();\n switchConversion(conv.id);\n };\n btn.setAttribute('role', 'tab');\n btn.setAttribute('aria-selected', conv.id === appState.currentConversion ? 'true' : 'false');\n btn.setAttribute('tabindex', conv.id === appState.currentConversion ? '0' : '-1');\n container.appendChild(btn);\n });\n }\n\n function renderSystemSelect() {\n const select = getElement('systemSelect');\n if (!select) return;\n\n select.value = appState.currentSystem;\n select.onchange = (e) => {\n appState.currentSystem = e.target.value;\n saveState();\n renderInputSection();\n updateInfoBox();\n handleConversion();\n };\n }\n\n function renderInputSection() {\n const section = getElement('inputSection');\n if (!section) return;\n\n const convType = CONVERSION_TYPES.find(c => c.id === appState.currentConversion);\n section.innerHTML = '';\n\n if (appState.currentConversion === 'gpa_scale') {\n section.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"form-row\">\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"fromScale\">From Scale<\/label>\n <select id=\"fromScale\" class=\"form-control\" onchange=\"handleConversion()\">\n <option value=\"4\">4.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"5\">5.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"7\">7.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"10\">10.0 Scale<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"toScale\">To Scale<\/label>\n <select id=\"toScale\" class=\"form-control\" onchange=\"handleConversion()\">\n <option value=\"4\">4.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"5\" selected>5.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"7\">7.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"10\">10.0 Scale<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"mainInput\">GPA Value<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"mainInput\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Enter GPA value\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0\" oninput=\"handleConversion()\" autofocus>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Enter the GPA in the source scale<\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n } else if (appState.currentConversion === 'intl_gpa') {\n section.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"form-row\">\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"fromSystem\">From System<\/label>\n <select id=\"fromSystem\" class=\"form-control\" onchange=\"handleConversion()\">\n <option value=\"gpa4\">4.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"gpa5\" selected>5.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"ects\">ECTS<\/option>\n <option value=\"uk\">UK Classification<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"toSystem\">To System<\/label>\n <select id=\"toSystem\" class=\"form-control\" onchange=\"handleConversion()\">\n <option value=\"gpa4\" selected>4.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"gpa5\">5.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"ects\">ECTS<\/option>\n <option value=\"uk\">UK Classification<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"mainInput\">Value<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"mainInput\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Enter value\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0\" oninput=\"handleConversion()\" autofocus>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Convert between international grading systems<\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n } else if (appState.currentSystem === 'custom') {\n section.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"customFormula\">Formula\/Multiplier<\/label>\n <input type=\"text\" id=\"customFormula\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"e.g., 9.5 or x*10-5\" oninput=\"handleConversion()\" value=\"9.5\">\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Use 'x' as variable. Examples: 9.5, x*10-5, x\/4*100<\/div>\n <div class=\"formula-helper\">Valid operators: + - * \/ ( ) ^ <br>Example: x*10-5 or (x\/4)*100<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"mainInput\">${convType?.from === 'cgpa' ? 'CGPA' : 'Input Value'}<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"mainInput\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Enter value\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0\" oninput=\"handleConversion()\" autofocus>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Enter your value to convert<\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n } else if (convType?.from === 'grade' || convType?.to === 'grade') {\n const grades = Object.keys(GRADE_MAPPING);\n let gradeOptions = '<option value=\"\">Select a grade<\/option>';\n grades.forEach(g => {\n const mapping = GRADE_MAPPING[g];\n gradeOptions += `<option value=\"${g}\">${g} - ${mapping.description} (${mapping.percent}%)<\/option>`;\n });\n\n section.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"mainInput\">Select Grade<\/label>\n <select id=\"mainInput\" class=\"form-control\" onchange=\"handleConversion()\">\n ${gradeOptions}\n <\/select>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Select your academic grade<\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n } else {\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n let inputLabel = 'Value';\n \n if (convType?.from === 'cgpa') {\n inputLabel = `CGPA (0-${system?.max || 10})`;\n } else if (convType?.from === 'gpa') {\n inputLabel = `GPA (0-${system?.max || 4})`;\n } else if (convType?.from === 'percent') {\n inputLabel = 'Percentage (0-100)';\n }\n\n section.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"mainInput\">${inputLabel}<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"mainInput\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Enter value\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0\" oninput=\"handleConversion()\" autofocus>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Enter your ${convType?.from === 'cgpa' ? 'CGPA' : convType?.from === 'gpa' ? 'GPA' : 'percentage'}<\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n }\n\n setTimeout(() => {\n const input = getElement('mainInput');\n if (input) input.focus();\n }, 50);\n }\n\n function updateInfoBox() {\n const infoBox = getElement('infoBox');\n if (!infoBox) return;\n\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n if (system) {\n if (!system.isGrade) {\n infoBox.textContent = `\u2139\ufe0f ${system.name} \u2022 Scale: 0 to ${system.max} \u2022 Decimals: ${system.decimals}`;\n } else {\n infoBox.textContent = `\u2139\ufe0f ${system.name}`;\n }\n }\n }\n\n function updateSwapButtonVisibility() {\n const btn = getElement('swapBtn');\n if (!btn) return;\n\n const swappable = ['gpa2cgpa', 'cgpa2gpa', 'gpa2percent', 'percent2gpa', 'cgpa2percent', 'percent2cgpa'];\n \n if (swappable.includes(appState.currentConversion)) {\n btn.classList.add('visible');\n } else {\n btn.classList.remove('visible');\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ CONVERSION LOGIC\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n function switchConversion(convId) {\n appState.currentConversion = convId;\n saveState();\n renderTabs();\n renderInputSection();\n updateSwapButtonVisibility();\n updateInfoBox();\n handleConversion();\n }\n\n function getInputValue() {\n const input = getElement('mainInput');\n return input ? input.value.trim() : '';\n }\n\n function validateInput(value, convType) {\n if (!value) {\n return { valid: false, message: '' };\n }\n\n \/\/ Grade validation\n if (convType?.from === 'grade' || convType?.to === 'grade') {\n if (convType?.from === 'grade' && !GRADE_MAPPING[value]) {\n return { valid: false, message: 'Please select a valid grade' };\n }\n return { valid: true };\n }\n\n if (!isValidNumber(value)) {\n return { valid: false, message: 'Please enter a valid number' };\n }\n\n const num = parseFloat(value);\n\n if (num < 0) {\n return { valid: false, message: 'Value cannot be negative' };\n }\n\n \/\/ Check against system limits\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n const convTypeData = CONVERSION_TYPES.find(c => c.id === appState.currentConversion);\n\n if (system && convTypeData) {\n if (convTypeData.from === 'cgpa' && num > system.max) {\n return { valid: false, message: `CGPA cannot exceed ${system.max}` };\n }\n if (convTypeData.from === 'percent' && num > 100) {\n return { valid: false, message: 'Percentage cannot exceed 100' };\n }\n if (convTypeData.from === 'gpa' && !['gpa_scale', 'intl_gpa'].includes(appState.currentConversion)) {\n if (num > system.max) {\n return { valid: false, message: `GPA cannot exceed ${system.max}` };\n }\n }\n }\n\n return { valid: true };\n }\n\n function calculateConversion(value) {\n try {\n const convType = CONVERSION_TYPES.find(c => c.id === appState.currentConversion);\n if (!convType) return null;\n\n \/\/ GPA Scale Converter\n if (appState.currentConversion === 'gpa_scale') {\n const fromScale = parseFloat(getElementValue('fromScale') || 4);\n const toScale = parseFloat(getElementValue('toScale') || 5);\n const val = parseFloat(value);\n\n if (!isFinite(val) || !isFinite(fromScale) || !isFinite(toScale)) return null;\n return round((val \/ fromScale) * toScale, 2);\n }\n\n \/\/ International GPA Converter\n if (appState.currentConversion === 'intl_gpa') {\n const fromSystemId = getElementValue('fromSystem') || 'gpa5';\n const toSystemId = getElementValue('toSystem') || 'gpa4';\n const val = parseFloat(value);\n\n if (!isFinite(val)) return null;\n if (fromSystemId === toSystemId) return val;\n\n const systemFrom = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[fromSystemId];\n const systemTo = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[toSystemId];\n\n if (!systemFrom || !systemTo) return null;\n\n const toPercent = systemFrom.formula(val);\n if (typeof toPercent !== 'number') return null;\n\n const result = systemTo.inverse(toPercent);\n return result;\n }\n\n \/\/ Custom Formula\n if (appState.currentSystem === 'custom') {\n const formula = getElementValue('customFormula') || '9.5';\n const val = parseFloat(value);\n\n if (!isFinite(val)) return null;\n\n try {\n const expr = formula.replace(\/x\/g, `(${val})`).replace(\/\\^\/g, '**');\n const result = Function('\"use strict\"; return (' + expr + ')')();\n if (typeof result === 'number' && isFinite(result)) {\n return round(result, 2);\n }\n return null;\n } catch (e) {\n return null;\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ Grade Conversion\n if (convType.from === 'grade') {\n const gradeData = GRADE_MAPPING[value];\n if (!gradeData) return null;\n\n if (convType.to === 'percent') return gradeData.percent;\n if (convType.to === 'gpa') return gradeData.gpa4;\n return null;\n }\n\n if (convType.to === 'grade') {\n const percent = parseFloat(value);\n if (!isFinite(percent)) return null;\n\n let grade = 'F';\n if (percent >= 90) grade = 'O';\n else if (percent >= 85) grade = 'A+';\n else if (percent >= 80) grade = 'A';\n else if (percent >= 75) grade = 'B+';\n else if (percent >= 70) grade = 'B';\n else if (percent >= 65) grade = 'C+';\n else if (percent >= 60) grade = 'C';\n else if (percent >= 50) grade = 'D';\n\n return grade;\n }\n\n \/\/ Standard System Conversion\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n if (!system) return null;\n\n const val = parseFloat(value);\n if (!isFinite(val)) return null;\n\n if (convType.from === 'cgpa' && convType.to === 'percent') {\n const result = system.formula(val);\n return typeof result === 'number' ? result : null;\n } else if (convType.from === 'percent' && convType.to === 'cgpa') {\n return system.inverse(val);\n } else if (convType.from === 'gpa' && convType.to === 'percent') {\n return system.formula(val);\n } else if (convType.from === 'percent' && convType.to === 'gpa') {\n return system.inverse(val);\n } else if ((convType.from === 'gpa' && convType.to === 'cgpa') || \n (convType.from === 'cgpa' && convType.to === 'gpa')) {\n return val;\n }\n\n return null;\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Calculation error:', error);\n return null;\n }\n }\n\n function getFormulaText() {\n try {\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n if (!system) return 'Formula';\n\n if (appState.currentConversion === 'gpa_scale') {\n const fromScale = getElementValue('fromScale') || 4;\n const toScale = getElementValue('toScale') || 5;\n return `(x \u00f7 ${fromScale}) \u00d7 ${toScale}`;\n }\n\n if (appState.currentSystem === 'custom') {\n return getElementValue('customFormula') || 'Formula...';\n }\n\n return system.formulaText || system.name;\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Formula text error:', error);\n return 'Formula';\n }\n }\n\n function handleConversion() {\n try {\n const input = getInputValue();\n const convType = CONVERSION_TYPES.find(c => c.id === appState.currentConversion);\n const validation = validateInput(input, convType);\n\n const resultEl = getElement('resultValue');\n const msgEl = getElement('validationMessage');\n const progressEl = getElement('progressFill');\n const formulaEl = getElement('formulaDisplay');\n\n if (!resultEl || !msgEl || !progressEl || !formulaEl) return;\n\n msgEl.className = 'validation-message';\n msgEl.textContent = '';\n\n if (!input) {\n resultEl.textContent = '-';\n progressEl.style.width = '0%';\n formulaEl.textContent = getFormulaText();\n return;\n }\n\n if (!validation.valid) {\n msgEl.className = 'validation-message error';\n msgEl.textContent = validation.message;\n resultEl.textContent = '-';\n progressEl.style.width = '0%';\n return;\n }\n\n const result = calculateConversion(input);\n\n if (result === null || (typeof result === 'number' && !isFinite(result))) {\n msgEl.className = 'validation-message error';\n msgEl.textContent = 'Invalid calculation. Check your input or formula.';\n resultEl.textContent = '-';\n progressEl.style.width = '0%';\n return;\n }\n\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n const decimals = system?.decimals || 2;\n const displayResult = typeof result === 'number' ? result.toFixed(decimals) : String(result);\n\n resultEl.textContent = displayResult;\n\n \/\/ Update progress bar\n let progressPercent = 0;\n if (convType?.to === 'percent') {\n progressPercent = Math.min(Math.max(parseFloat(result) || 0, 0), 100);\n } else if (convType?.to === 'cgpa' || convType?.to === 'gpa') {\n const maxVal = system?.max || 10;\n progressPercent = Math.min(Math.max((parseFloat(result) \/ maxVal) * 100, 0), 100);\n } else if (convType?.to === 'grade') {\n progressPercent = 100;\n }\n\n progressEl.style.width = progressPercent + '%';\n formulaEl.textContent = getFormulaText();\n\n msgEl.className = 'validation-message success';\n msgEl.textContent = '\u2713 Calculation complete';\n\n appState.lastInputValue = input;\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Conversion error:', error);\n const msgEl = getElement('validationMessage');\n if (msgEl) {\n msgEl.className = 'validation-message error';\n msgEl.textContent = 'Error during conversion';\n }\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ USER ACTIONS\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n function copyResult() {\n try {\n const result = getElement('resultValue')?.textContent || '';\n\n if (result === '-') {\n showNotification('No result to copy', 'warning');\n return;\n }\n\n if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) {\n navigator.clipboard.writeText(result)\n .then(() => showNotification(`Copied: ${result}`, 'success'))\n .catch(() => fallbackCopy(result));\n } else {\n fallbackCopy(result);\n }\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Copy error:', error);\n showNotification('Failed to copy', 'error');\n }\n }\n\n function fallbackCopy(text) {\n try {\n const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');\n textarea.value = text;\n textarea.style.position = 'fixed';\n textarea.style.opacity = '0';\n textarea.style.pointerEvents = 'none';\n document.body.appendChild(textarea);\n textarea.select();\n document.execCommand('copy');\n document.body.removeChild(textarea);\n showNotification(`Copied: ${text}`, 'success');\n } catch (error) {\n showNotification('Copy failed', 'error');\n }\n }\n\n function resetForm() {\n try {\n const input = getElement('mainInput');\n if (input) {\n input.value = '';\n input.type === 'select-one' ? (input.selectedIndex = 0) : null;\n }\n\n const customFormula = getElement('customFormula');\n if (customFormula) customFormula.value = '9.5';\n\n setElementText('resultValue', '-');\n getElement('progressFill').style.width = '0%';\n getElement('validationMessage').textContent = '';\n\n if (input) input.focus();\n showNotification('Form reset', 'success');\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Reset error:', error);\n showNotification('Reset error', 'error');\n }\n }\n\n function swapConversion() {\n try {\n const swapMap = {\n 'cgpa2percent': 'percent2cgpa',\n 'percent2cgpa': 'cgpa2percent',\n 'gpa2percent': 'percent2gpa',\n 'percent2gpa': 'gpa2percent',\n 'gpa2cgpa': 'cgpa2gpa',\n 'cgpa2gpa': 'gpa2cgpa'\n };\n\n const newConv = swapMap[appState.currentConversion];\n if (!newConv) return;\n\n const result = getElement('resultValue')?.textContent || '';\n appState.lastSwappedValue = result;\n\n switchConversion(newConv);\n\n if (result && result !== '-') {\n setTimeout(() => {\n try {\n const input = getElement('mainInput');\n if (input) {\n input.value = result;\n input.focus();\n handleConversion();\n }\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Swap input error:', error);\n }\n }, 100);\n }\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Swap error:', error);\n showNotification('Swap failed', 'error');\n }\n }\n\n function showNotification(message, type = 'info') {\n try {\n const notification = document.createElement('div');\n notification.className = `notification ${type}`;\n notification.textContent = message;\n notification.setAttribute('role', 'alert');\n notification.setAttribute('aria-live', 'assertive');\n document.body.appendChild(notification);\n\n setTimeout(() => {\n notification.style.opacity = '0';\n setTimeout(() => {\n try {\n if (document.body.contains(notification)) {\n document.body.removeChild(notification);\n }\n } catch (e) {}\n }, 300);\n }, 3000);\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Notification error:', error);\n }\n }\n\n function setupEventListeners() {\n try {\n document.addEventListener('keypress', (e) => {\n if (e.key === 'Enter' && document.activeElement.id === 'mainInput') {\n handleConversion();\n }\n });\n\n document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {\n if (e.key === 'Escape') {\n const input = getElement('mainInput');\n if (input) input.value = '';\n handleConversion();\n }\n });\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Event listener setup error:', error);\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ APPLICATION STARTUP\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initialize);\n } else {\n initialize();\n }\n\n window.addEventListener('error', (event) => {\n console.error('Global error:', event.error);\n });\n\n window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => {\n console.error('Unhandled rejection:', event.reason);\n });\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All-in-One GPA\/CGPA\/Percentage Converter GPA\/CGPA Converter Advanced Multi-System Converter System\/University CBSE \/ Most UniversitiesIITs \/ NITUniversal 10-Point ScaleAnna UniversityVTU SystemDelhi UniversityMumbai UniversityAKTUIGNOU International 4.0 GPAInternational 5.0 GPAECTS (European)UK Honours ClassificationCanadian GPAAustralian GPA Custom Formula Select your institution or grading system \u21c5 Result – – \ud83d\udccb Copy \ud83d\udd04 Reset<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-824","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>All-in-One GPA \/ CGPA \/ Percentage Converter - 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{"id":824,"date":"2025-06-20T19:57:49","date_gmt":"2025-06-20T14:27:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hbtech.co.in\/hi\/?page_id=824"},"modified":"2026-05-22T18:22:45","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T12:52:45","slug":"scam-number-checker-deepseek","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hbtech.co.in\/hi\/scam-number-checker-deepseek\/","title":{"rendered":"All-in-One GPA \/ CGPA \/ Percentage Converter"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n \n \n All-in-One GPA\/CGPA\/Percentage Converter<\/title>\n <style>\n * {\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n }\n\n :root {\n --primary-orange: #FF8C42;\n --primary-orange-light: #FFB366;\n --primary-orange-dark: #E67E2F;\n --text-dark: #1a1a1a;\n --text-light: #666666;\n --bg-light: #f8f9fa;\n --bg-white: #ffffff;\n --border-color: #e0e0e0;\n --success-color: #4CAF50;\n --error-color: #f44336;\n --warning-color: #FFA500;\n --shadow-sm: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n --shadow-md: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n --transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);\n }\n\n @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n :root {\n --text-dark: #f0f0f0;\n --text-light: #b0b0b0;\n --bg-light: #1e1e1e;\n --bg-white: #2d2d2d;\n --border-color: #404040;\n }\n }\n\n html, body {\n width: 100%;\n height: 100%;\n }\n\n body {\n font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;\n background: transparent;\n color: var(--text-dark);\n padding: 20px;\n margin: 0;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n min-height: 100vh;\n }\n\n .gpa-converter-wrapper {\n max-width: 700px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n background: var(--bg-white);\n border-radius: 16px;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n padding: 32px 24px;\n transition: var(--transition);\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .converter-header {\n margin-bottom: 28px;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .converter-title {\n font-size: 28px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--text-dark);\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n letter-spacing: -0.5px;\n }\n\n .converter-subtitle {\n font-size: 13px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n font-weight: 500;\n letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n\n .tab-selector {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(110px, 1fr));\n gap: 8px;\n margin-bottom: 24px;\n padding-bottom: 16px;\n border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color);\n overflow-x: auto;\n padding-right: 10px;\n scroll-behavior: smooth;\n }\n\n .tab-selector::-webkit-scrollbar {\n height: 4px;\n }\n\n .tab-selector::-webkit-scrollbar-track {\n background: transparent;\n }\n\n .tab-selector::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n background: var(--primary-orange);\n border-radius: 2px;\n }\n\n .tab-btn {\n padding: 10px 14px;\n background: var(--bg-light);\n border: 2px solid var(--border-color);\n border-radius: 8px;\n font-size: 11px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-light);\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: var(--transition);\n text-align: center;\n white-space: nowrap;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n font-family: inherit;\n }\n\n .tab-btn:hover {\n border-color: var(--primary-orange);\n color: var(--primary-orange);\n background: rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.05);\n }\n\n .tab-btn.active {\n background: var(--primary-orange);\n border-color: var(--primary-orange);\n color: white;\n transform: translateY(-2px);\n box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.3);\n }\n\n .form-group {\n margin-bottom: 22px;\n }\n\n .form-label {\n display: block;\n font-size: 13px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-dark);\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n }\n\n .form-control {\n width: 100%;\n padding: 12px 14px;\n background: var(--bg-light);\n border: 2px solid var(--border-color);\n border-radius: 8px;\n font-size: 14px;\n color: var(--text-dark);\n transition: var(--transition);\n font-family: inherit;\n appearance: none;\n -webkit-appearance: none;\n -moz-appearance: none;\n }\n\n .form-control:focus {\n outline: none;\n border-color: var(--primary-orange);\n background: var(--bg-white);\n box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.15);\n }\n\n .form-control:focus-visible {\n outline: none;\n }\n\n .form-control::placeholder {\n color: var(--text-light);\n }\n\n .form-control:disabled {\n opacity: 0.6;\n cursor: not-allowed;\n }\n\n select.form-control {\n background-image: url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' width='12' height='12' viewBox='0 0 12 12'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FF8C42' d='M1 4l5 4 5-4'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");\n background-repeat: no-repeat;\n background-position: right 12px center;\n padding-right: 36px;\n }\n\n .form-row {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n gap: 14px;\n }\n\n .form-row.full {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n }\n\n .result-section {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.1) 0%, rgba(255, 179, 102, 0.05) 100%);\n border: 2px solid var(--primary-orange);\n border-radius: 12px;\n padding: 24px;\n margin-bottom: 22px;\n text-align: center;\n min-height: 160px;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: center;\n }\n\n .result-label {\n font-size: 12px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--text-light);\n text-transform: uppercase;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n letter-spacing: 1px;\n }\n\n .result-value {\n font-size: 52px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--primary-orange);\n letter-spacing: -1px;\n word-break: break-word;\n animation: slideIn 0.4s ease-out;\n min-height: 62px;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;\n }\n\n @keyframes slideIn {\n from {\n opacity: 0;\n transform: translateY(10px);\n }\n to {\n opacity: 1;\n transform: translateY(0);\n }\n }\n\n .progress-bar {\n width: 100%;\n height: 8px;\n background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n border-radius: 4px;\n margin-top: 16px;\n overflow: hidden;\n box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n }\n\n .progress-fill {\n height: 100%;\n background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-orange) 0%, var(--primary-orange-light) 100%);\n border-radius: 4px;\n transition: width 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);\n min-width: 0;\n box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.3);\n }\n\n .formula-display {\n font-size: 12px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n margin-top: 12px;\n font-family: 'Courier New', 'Courier', monospace;\n padding: 10px 12px;\n background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);\n border-radius: 6px;\n word-break: break-all;\n max-height: 50px;\n overflow-y: auto;\n line-height: 1.5;\n }\n\n .formula-display::-webkit-scrollbar {\n width: 4px;\n }\n\n .formula-display::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {\n background: var(--primary-orange);\n border-radius: 2px;\n }\n\n .button-group {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n gap: 14px;\n margin-bottom: 14px;\n }\n\n .btn {\n padding: 13px 18px;\n border: none;\n border-radius: 8px;\n font-size: 13px;\n font-weight: 600;\n cursor: pointer;\n transition: var(--transition);\n text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-family: inherit;\n user-select: none;\n }\n\n .btn:active {\n transform: translateY(1px);\n }\n\n .btn-primary {\n background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-orange) 0%, var(--primary-orange-dark) 100%);\n color: white;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.3);\n }\n\n .btn-primary:hover:not(:disabled) {\n transform: translateY(-2px);\n box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.4);\n }\n\n .btn-secondary {\n background: var(--bg-light);\n color: var(--text-dark);\n border: 2px solid var(--border-color);\n }\n\n .btn-secondary:hover:not(:disabled) {\n border-color: var(--primary-orange);\n color: var(--primary-orange);\n background: rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.05);\n }\n\n .btn:disabled {\n opacity: 0.5;\n cursor: not-allowed;\n }\n\n .notification {\n position: fixed;\n top: 20px;\n right: 20px;\n padding: 14px 18px;\n background: var(--text-dark);\n color: white;\n border-radius: 8px;\n font-size: 13px;\n z-index: 10000;\n animation: slideInRight 0.3s ease-out;\n max-width: 320px;\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n word-wrap: break-word;\n border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-orange);\n }\n\n @keyframes slideInRight {\n from {\n opacity: 0;\n transform: translateX(400px);\n }\n to {\n opacity: 1;\n transform: translateX(0);\n }\n }\n\n .notification.success {\n background: var(--success-color);\n border-left-color: #2e7d32;\n }\n\n .notification.error {\n background: var(--error-color);\n border-left-color: #c62828;\n }\n\n .notification.warning {\n background: var(--warning-color);\n border-left-color: #e65100;\n }\n\n .notification.info {\n background: #1976d2;\n border-left-color: #0d47a1;\n }\n\n .helper-text {\n font-size: 12px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n margin-top: 6px;\n line-height: 1.5;\n }\n\n .validation-message {\n font-size: 12px;\n margin-top: 8px;\n padding: 10px 12px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n display: none;\n animation: slideIn 0.3s ease-out;\n border-left: 3px solid;\n }\n\n .validation-message.error {\n color: #c62828;\n background: rgba(244, 67, 54, 0.1);\n border-left-color: var(--error-color);\n display: block;\n }\n\n .validation-message.success {\n color: #2e7d32;\n background: rgba(76, 175, 80, 0.1);\n border-left-color: var(--success-color);\n display: block;\n }\n\n .validation-message.warning {\n color: #e65100;\n background: rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.1);\n border-left-color: var(--warning-color);\n display: block;\n }\n\n .swap-btn {\n width: 48px;\n height: 48px;\n background: var(--bg-light);\n border: 2px solid var(--border-color);\n border-radius: 8px;\n cursor: pointer;\n display: none;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n transition: var(--transition);\n margin: 0 auto 18px;\n font-size: 20px;\n font-weight: bold;\n color: var(--primary-orange);\n padding: 0;\n font-family: inherit;\n }\n\n .swap-btn:hover:not(:disabled) {\n border-color: var(--primary-orange);\n background: rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.1);\n transform: rotate(180deg);\n }\n\n .swap-btn:active {\n transform: rotate(180deg) translateY(1px);\n }\n\n .swap-btn.visible {\n display: flex;\n }\n\n .info-box {\n background: rgba(255, 165, 0, 0.08);\n border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-orange);\n padding: 12px 14px;\n margin-top: 14px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n font-size: 12px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n line-height: 1.5;\n }\n\n .formula-helper {\n background: rgba(25, 118, 210, 0.08);\n border-left: 3px solid #1976d2;\n padding: 10px 12px;\n margin-top: 8px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n font-size: 11px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n font-family: monospace;\n }\n\n .loading-spinner {\n display: inline-block;\n width: 12px;\n height: 12px;\n border: 2px solid rgba(255, 140, 66, 0.2);\n border-top-color: var(--primary-orange);\n border-radius: 50%;\n animation: spin 0.8s linear infinite;\n }\n\n @keyframes spin {\n to { transform: rotate(360deg); }\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 600px) {\n .gpa-converter-wrapper {\n padding: 22px 16px;\n }\n\n .converter-title {\n font-size: 24px;\n }\n\n .result-value {\n font-size: 40px;\n min-height: 50px;\n }\n\n .tab-selector {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\n gap: 6px;\n }\n\n .tab-btn {\n font-size: 10px;\n padding: 9px 10px;\n }\n\n .form-row {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n gap: 12px;\n }\n\n .button-group {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n gap: 10px;\n }\n\n .notification {\n left: 10px;\n right: 10px;\n max-width: none;\n top: auto;\n bottom: 20px;\n }\n\n .result-section {\n padding: 18px;\n min-height: 140px;\n }\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 400px) {\n .converter-title {\n font-size: 20px;\n }\n\n .tab-selector {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr;\n }\n\n .result-value {\n font-size: 32px;\n }\n\n .gpa-converter-wrapper {\n padding: 16px 12px;\n }\n }\n\n input[type=\"number\"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button,\n input[type=\"number\"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button {\n -webkit-appearance: none;\n margin: 0;\n }\n\n input[type=\"number\"] {\n -moz-appearance: textfield;\n }\n\n optgroup {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-dark);\n background: var(--bg-light);\n }\n\n option {\n color: var(--text-dark);\n background: var(--bg-white);\n padding: 8px;\n }\n\n .grade-description {\n font-size: 11px;\n color: var(--text-light);\n margin-top: 4px;\n font-style: italic;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"gpa-converter-wrapper\">\n <div class=\"converter-header\">\n <div class=\"converter-title\">GPA\/CGPA Converter<\/div>\n <div class=\"converter-subtitle\">Advanced Multi-System Converter<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"tab-selector\" id=\"tabSelector\" role=\"tablist\"><\/div>\n\n <form id=\"converterForm\" onsubmit=\"return false;\" novalidate>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"systemSelect\">System\/University<\/label>\n <select id=\"systemSelect\" class=\"form-control\">\n <optgroup label=\"Indian Systems\">\n <option value=\"cbse\">CBSE \/ Most Universities<\/option>\n <option value=\"iit\">IITs \/ NIT<\/option>\n <option value=\"universal10\">Universal 10-Point Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"anna\">Anna University<\/option>\n <option value=\"vtu\">VTU System<\/option>\n <option value=\"delhi\">Delhi University<\/option>\n <option value=\"mumbai\">Mumbai University<\/option>\n <option value=\"aktu\">AKTU<\/option>\n <option value=\"ignou\">IGNOU<\/option>\n <\/optgroup>\n <optgroup label=\"International Systems\">\n <option value=\"gpa4\">International 4.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"gpa5\">International 5.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"ects\">ECTS (European)<\/option>\n <option value=\"uk\">UK Honours Classification<\/option>\n <option value=\"canada\">Canadian GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"australia\">Australian GPA<\/option>\n <\/optgroup>\n <optgroup label=\"Advanced\">\n <option value=\"custom\">Custom Formula<\/option>\n <\/optgroup>\n <\/select>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Select your institution or grading system<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div id=\"inputSection\"><\/div>\n\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"swap-btn\" id=\"swapBtn\" title=\"Swap conversion direction\" onclick=\"swapConversion()\" aria-label=\"Swap conversion\">\u21c5<\/button>\n\n <div class=\"result-section\">\n <div class=\"result-label\">Result<\/div>\n <div class=\"result-value\" id=\"resultValue\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\">–<\/div>\n <div class=\"progress-bar\">\n <div class=\"progress-fill\" id=\"progressFill\" style=\"width: 0%\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"formula-display\" id=\"formulaDisplay\" title=\"Current conversion formula\">–<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div id=\"validationMessage\" class=\"validation-message\" role=\"alert\" aria-live=\"assertive\"><\/div>\n\n <div class=\"button-group\">\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-primary\" id=\"copyBtn\" onclick=\"copyResult()\" aria-label=\"Copy result to clipboard\">\n \ud83d\udccb Copy\n <\/button>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-secondary\" id=\"resetBtn\" onclick=\"resetForm()\" aria-label=\"Reset all fields\">\n \ud83d\udd04 Reset\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"info-box\" id=\"infoBox\"><\/div>\n <\/form>\n <\/div>\n\n <script>\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ CORE DATA & CONFIGURATION\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \n const CONVERSION_SYSTEMS = {\n cbse: {\n name: 'CBSE \/ Most Indian Universities',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 9.5, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 9.5, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 9.5'\n },\n iit: {\n name: 'IITs \/ National Institute of Technology',\n formula: (val) => round((val * 10) - 7.5, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round((val + 7.5) \/ 10, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = (CGPA \u00d7 10) - 7.5'\n },\n universal10: {\n name: 'Universal 10-Point Scale',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 10, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 10, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 10'\n },\n anna: {\n name: 'Anna University',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 10, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 10, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 10'\n },\n vtu: {\n name: 'VTU (Visvesvaraya Technological University)',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 9.5, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 9.5, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 9.5'\n },\n delhi: {\n name: 'Delhi University',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 9.5, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 9.5, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 9.5'\n },\n mumbai: {\n name: 'Mumbai University',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 10, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 10, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 10'\n },\n aktu: {\n name: 'Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 9.5, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 9.5, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 9.5'\n },\n ignou: {\n name: 'Indira Gandhi National Open University',\n formula: (val) => round(val * 10, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round(val \/ 10, 2),\n inputLabel: 'CGPA (0-10)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 10,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = CGPA \u00d7 10'\n },\n gpa4: {\n name: 'International 4.0 GPA Scale',\n formula: (val) => round((val \/ 4) * 100, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round((val \/ 100) * 4, 2),\n inputLabel: 'GPA (0-4.0)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 4,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = (GPA \u00f7 4) \u00d7 100'\n },\n gpa5: {\n name: 'International 5.0 GPA Scale',\n formula: (val) => round((val \/ 5) * 100, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round((val \/ 100) * 5, 2),\n inputLabel: 'GPA (0-5.0)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 5,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = (GPA \u00f7 5) \u00d7 100'\n },\n ects: {\n name: 'ECTS - European Credit Transfer System',\n formula: (val) => {\n if (val >= 90) return 'A (Excellent)';\n if (val >= 80) return 'B (Very Good)';\n if (val >= 70) return 'C (Good)';\n if (val >= 60) return 'D (Satisfactory)';\n if (val >= 50) return 'E (Sufficient)';\n return 'F (Fail)';\n },\n inverse: (val) => 75,\n inputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n outputLabel: 'ECTS Grade',\n min: 0,\n max: 100,\n decimals: 0,\n isGrade: true,\n formulaText: 'ECTS: 90+=A, 80+=B, 70+=C, 60+=D, 50+=E, <50=F'\n },\n uk: {\n name: 'UK Honours Classification',\n formula: (val) => {\n if (val >= 70) return 'First Class Honours';\n if (val >= 60) return 'Upper Second Class';\n if (val >= 50) return 'Lower Second Class';\n if (val >= 40) return 'Third Class';\n return 'Fail';\n },\n inverse: (val) => 65,\n inputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n outputLabel: 'Classification',\n min: 0,\n max: 100,\n decimals: 0,\n isGrade: true,\n formulaText: 'UK: 70+=1st, 60+=2:1, 50+=2:2, 40+=3rd, <40=Fail'\n },\n canada: {\n name: 'Canadian GPA System',\n formula: (val) => round((val \/ 4) * 100, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round((val \/ 100) * 4, 2),\n inputLabel: 'GPA (0-4.0)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 4,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = (GPA \u00f7 4) \u00d7 100'\n },\n australia: {\n name: 'Australian GPA System',\n formula: (val) => round((val \/ 7) * 100, 2),\n inverse: (val) => round((val \/ 100) * 7, 2),\n inputLabel: 'GPA (0-7.0)',\n outputLabel: 'Percentage (%)',\n min: 0,\n max: 7,\n decimals: 2,\n formulaText: 'Percentage = (GPA \u00f7 7) \u00d7 100'\n }\n };\n\n const CONVERSION_TYPES = [\n { id: 'cgpa2percent', label: 'CGPA \u2192 %', from: 'cgpa', to: 'percent' },\n { id: 'percent2cgpa', label: '% \u2192 CGPA', from: 'percent', to: 'cgpa' },\n { id: 'gpa2percent', label: 'GPA \u2192 %', from: 'gpa', to: 'percent' },\n { id: 'percent2gpa', label: '% \u2192 GPA', from: 'percent', to: 'gpa' },\n { id: 'gpa2cgpa', label: 'GPA \u21c4 CGPA', from: 'gpa', to: 'cgpa' },\n { id: 'cgpa2gpa', label: 'CGPA \u21c4 GPA', from: 'cgpa', to: 'gpa' },\n { id: 'grade2percent', label: 'Grade \u2192 %', from: 'grade', to: 'percent' },\n { id: 'percent2grade', label: '% \u2192 Grade', from: 'percent', to: 'grade' },\n { id: 'gpa_scale', label: 'GPA Scale', from: 'gpa', to: 'gpa' },\n { id: 'intl_gpa', label: 'Intl GPA', from: 'gpa', to: 'gpa' }\n ];\n\n const GRADE_MAPPING = {\n 'O': { percent: 90, gpa4: 4.0, gpa5: 5.0, description: 'Outstanding' },\n 'A+': { percent: 85, gpa4: 4.0, gpa5: 4.5, description: 'Excellent' },\n 'A': { percent: 80, gpa4: 3.8, gpa5: 4.2, description: 'Very Good' },\n 'B+': { percent: 75, gpa4: 3.5, gpa5: 3.8, description: 'Good' },\n 'B': { percent: 70, gpa4: 3.0, gpa5: 3.5, description: 'Satisfactory' },\n 'C+': { percent: 65, gpa4: 2.7, gpa5: 3.0, description: 'Acceptable' },\n 'C': { percent: 60, gpa4: 2.5, gpa5: 2.5, description: 'Average' },\n 'D': { percent: 50, gpa4: 2.0, gpa5: 2.0, description: 'Pass' },\n 'F': { percent: 0, gpa4: 0, gpa5: 0, description: 'Fail' }\n };\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ UTILITY FUNCTIONS\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n function round(num, decimals) {\n if (typeof num !== 'number' || !isFinite(num)) return 0;\n const factor = Math.pow(10, decimals);\n return Math.round(num * factor) \/ factor;\n }\n\n function isValidNumber(val) {\n const num = parseFloat(val);\n return !isNaN(num) && isFinite(num);\n }\n\n function getElement(id) {\n return document.getElementById(id) || null;\n }\n\n function setElementText(id, text) {\n const el = getElement(id);\n if (el) el.textContent = String(text);\n }\n\n function getElementValue(id) {\n const el = getElement(id);\n return el ? el.value : '';\n }\n\n function setElementValue(id, value) {\n const el = getElement(id);\n if (el) el.value = String(value);\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ STATE MANAGEMENT\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n let appState = {\n currentConversion: 'cgpa2percent',\n currentSystem: 'cbse',\n lastInputValue: '',\n lastSwappedValue: ''\n };\n\n function loadState() {\n try {\n const saved = localStorage.getItem('gpaConverterState');\n if (saved) {\n const parsed = JSON.parse(saved);\n if (parsed.currentSystem && CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[parsed.currentSystem]) {\n appState.currentSystem = parsed.currentSystem;\n }\n if (parsed.currentConversion && CONVERSION_TYPES.find(c => c.id === parsed.currentConversion)) {\n appState.currentConversion = parsed.currentConversion;\n }\n }\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Load state error:', error);\n }\n }\n\n function saveState() {\n try {\n localStorage.setItem('gpaConverterState', JSON.stringify(appState));\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Save state error:', error);\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ INITIALIZATION\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n function initialize() {\n try {\n loadState();\n renderTabs();\n renderSystemSelect();\n renderInputSection();\n setupEventListeners();\n updateInfoBox();\n updateSwapButtonVisibility();\n handleConversion();\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Initialization error:', error);\n showNotification('Initialization error. Please refresh.', 'error');\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ RENDERING FUNCTIONS\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n function renderTabs() {\n const container = getElement('tabSelector');\n if (!container) return;\n\n container.innerHTML = '';\n container.setAttribute('role', 'tablist');\n\n CONVERSION_TYPES.forEach((conv, index) => {\n const btn = document.createElement('button');\n btn.type = 'button';\n btn.className = `tab-btn ${conv.id === appState.currentConversion ? 'active' : ''}`;\n btn.textContent = conv.label;\n btn.onclick = (e) => {\n e.preventDefault();\n switchConversion(conv.id);\n };\n btn.setAttribute('role', 'tab');\n btn.setAttribute('aria-selected', conv.id === appState.currentConversion ? 'true' : 'false');\n btn.setAttribute('tabindex', conv.id === appState.currentConversion ? '0' : '-1');\n container.appendChild(btn);\n });\n }\n\n function renderSystemSelect() {\n const select = getElement('systemSelect');\n if (!select) return;\n\n select.value = appState.currentSystem;\n select.onchange = (e) => {\n appState.currentSystem = e.target.value;\n saveState();\n renderInputSection();\n updateInfoBox();\n handleConversion();\n };\n }\n\n function renderInputSection() {\n const section = getElement('inputSection');\n if (!section) return;\n\n const convType = CONVERSION_TYPES.find(c => c.id === appState.currentConversion);\n section.innerHTML = '';\n\n if (appState.currentConversion === 'gpa_scale') {\n section.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"form-row\">\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"fromScale\">From Scale<\/label>\n <select id=\"fromScale\" class=\"form-control\" onchange=\"handleConversion()\">\n <option value=\"4\">4.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"5\">5.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"7\">7.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"10\">10.0 Scale<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"toScale\">To Scale<\/label>\n <select id=\"toScale\" class=\"form-control\" onchange=\"handleConversion()\">\n <option value=\"4\">4.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"5\" selected>5.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"7\">7.0 Scale<\/option>\n <option value=\"10\">10.0 Scale<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"mainInput\">GPA Value<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"mainInput\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Enter GPA value\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0\" oninput=\"handleConversion()\" autofocus>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Enter the GPA in the source scale<\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n } else if (appState.currentConversion === 'intl_gpa') {\n section.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"form-row\">\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"fromSystem\">From System<\/label>\n <select id=\"fromSystem\" class=\"form-control\" onchange=\"handleConversion()\">\n <option value=\"gpa4\">4.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"gpa5\" selected>5.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"ects\">ECTS<\/option>\n <option value=\"uk\">UK Classification<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"toSystem\">To System<\/label>\n <select id=\"toSystem\" class=\"form-control\" onchange=\"handleConversion()\">\n <option value=\"gpa4\" selected>4.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"gpa5\">5.0 GPA<\/option>\n <option value=\"ects\">ECTS<\/option>\n <option value=\"uk\">UK Classification<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"mainInput\">Value<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"mainInput\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Enter value\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0\" oninput=\"handleConversion()\" autofocus>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Convert between international grading systems<\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n } else if (appState.currentSystem === 'custom') {\n section.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"customFormula\">Formula\/Multiplier<\/label>\n <input type=\"text\" id=\"customFormula\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"e.g., 9.5 or x*10-5\" oninput=\"handleConversion()\" value=\"9.5\">\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Use 'x' as variable. Examples: 9.5, x*10-5, x\/4*100<\/div>\n <div class=\"formula-helper\">Valid operators: + - * \/ ( ) ^ <br>Example: x*10-5 or (x\/4)*100<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"mainInput\">${convType?.from === 'cgpa' ? 'CGPA' : 'Input Value'}<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"mainInput\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Enter value\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0\" oninput=\"handleConversion()\" autofocus>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Enter your value to convert<\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n } else if (convType?.from === 'grade' || convType?.to === 'grade') {\n const grades = Object.keys(GRADE_MAPPING);\n let gradeOptions = '<option value=\"\">Select a grade<\/option>';\n grades.forEach(g => {\n const mapping = GRADE_MAPPING[g];\n gradeOptions += `<option value=\"${g}\">${g} - ${mapping.description} (${mapping.percent}%)<\/option>`;\n });\n\n section.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"mainInput\">Select Grade<\/label>\n <select id=\"mainInput\" class=\"form-control\" onchange=\"handleConversion()\">\n ${gradeOptions}\n <\/select>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Select your academic grade<\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n } else {\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n let inputLabel = 'Value';\n \n if (convType?.from === 'cgpa') {\n inputLabel = `CGPA (0-${system?.max || 10})`;\n } else if (convType?.from === 'gpa') {\n inputLabel = `GPA (0-${system?.max || 4})`;\n } else if (convType?.from === 'percent') {\n inputLabel = 'Percentage (0-100)';\n }\n\n section.innerHTML = `\n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\" for=\"mainInput\">${inputLabel}<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"mainInput\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Enter value\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0\" oninput=\"handleConversion()\" autofocus>\n <div class=\"helper-text\">Enter your ${convType?.from === 'cgpa' ? 'CGPA' : convType?.from === 'gpa' ? 'GPA' : 'percentage'}<\/div>\n <\/div>\n `;\n }\n\n setTimeout(() => {\n const input = getElement('mainInput');\n if (input) input.focus();\n }, 50);\n }\n\n function updateInfoBox() {\n const infoBox = getElement('infoBox');\n if (!infoBox) return;\n\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n if (system) {\n if (!system.isGrade) {\n infoBox.textContent = `\u2139\ufe0f ${system.name} \u2022 Scale: 0 to ${system.max} \u2022 Decimals: ${system.decimals}`;\n } else {\n infoBox.textContent = `\u2139\ufe0f ${system.name}`;\n }\n }\n }\n\n function updateSwapButtonVisibility() {\n const btn = getElement('swapBtn');\n if (!btn) return;\n\n const swappable = ['gpa2cgpa', 'cgpa2gpa', 'gpa2percent', 'percent2gpa', 'cgpa2percent', 'percent2cgpa'];\n \n if (swappable.includes(appState.currentConversion)) {\n btn.classList.add('visible');\n } else {\n btn.classList.remove('visible');\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ CONVERSION LOGIC\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n function switchConversion(convId) {\n appState.currentConversion = convId;\n saveState();\n renderTabs();\n renderInputSection();\n updateSwapButtonVisibility();\n updateInfoBox();\n handleConversion();\n }\n\n function getInputValue() {\n const input = getElement('mainInput');\n return input ? input.value.trim() : '';\n }\n\n function validateInput(value, convType) {\n if (!value) {\n return { valid: false, message: '' };\n }\n\n \/\/ Grade validation\n if (convType?.from === 'grade' || convType?.to === 'grade') {\n if (convType?.from === 'grade' && !GRADE_MAPPING[value]) {\n return { valid: false, message: 'Please select a valid grade' };\n }\n return { valid: true };\n }\n\n if (!isValidNumber(value)) {\n return { valid: false, message: 'Please enter a valid number' };\n }\n\n const num = parseFloat(value);\n\n if (num < 0) {\n return { valid: false, message: 'Value cannot be negative' };\n }\n\n \/\/ Check against system limits\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n const convTypeData = CONVERSION_TYPES.find(c => c.id === appState.currentConversion);\n\n if (system && convTypeData) {\n if (convTypeData.from === 'cgpa' && num > system.max) {\n return { valid: false, message: `CGPA cannot exceed ${system.max}` };\n }\n if (convTypeData.from === 'percent' && num > 100) {\n return { valid: false, message: 'Percentage cannot exceed 100' };\n }\n if (convTypeData.from === 'gpa' && !['gpa_scale', 'intl_gpa'].includes(appState.currentConversion)) {\n if (num > system.max) {\n return { valid: false, message: `GPA cannot exceed ${system.max}` };\n }\n }\n }\n\n return { valid: true };\n }\n\n function calculateConversion(value) {\n try {\n const convType = CONVERSION_TYPES.find(c => c.id === appState.currentConversion);\n if (!convType) return null;\n\n \/\/ GPA Scale Converter\n if (appState.currentConversion === 'gpa_scale') {\n const fromScale = parseFloat(getElementValue('fromScale') || 4);\n const toScale = parseFloat(getElementValue('toScale') || 5);\n const val = parseFloat(value);\n\n if (!isFinite(val) || !isFinite(fromScale) || !isFinite(toScale)) return null;\n return round((val \/ fromScale) * toScale, 2);\n }\n\n \/\/ International GPA Converter\n if (appState.currentConversion === 'intl_gpa') {\n const fromSystemId = getElementValue('fromSystem') || 'gpa5';\n const toSystemId = getElementValue('toSystem') || 'gpa4';\n const val = parseFloat(value);\n\n if (!isFinite(val)) return null;\n if (fromSystemId === toSystemId) return val;\n\n const systemFrom = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[fromSystemId];\n const systemTo = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[toSystemId];\n\n if (!systemFrom || !systemTo) return null;\n\n const toPercent = systemFrom.formula(val);\n if (typeof toPercent !== 'number') return null;\n\n const result = systemTo.inverse(toPercent);\n return result;\n }\n\n \/\/ Custom Formula\n if (appState.currentSystem === 'custom') {\n const formula = getElementValue('customFormula') || '9.5';\n const val = parseFloat(value);\n\n if (!isFinite(val)) return null;\n\n try {\n const expr = formula.replace(\/x\/g, `(${val})`).replace(\/\\^\/g, '**');\n const result = Function('\"use strict\"; return (' + expr + ')')();\n if (typeof result === 'number' && isFinite(result)) {\n return round(result, 2);\n }\n return null;\n } catch (e) {\n return null;\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ Grade Conversion\n if (convType.from === 'grade') {\n const gradeData = GRADE_MAPPING[value];\n if (!gradeData) return null;\n\n if (convType.to === 'percent') return gradeData.percent;\n if (convType.to === 'gpa') return gradeData.gpa4;\n return null;\n }\n\n if (convType.to === 'grade') {\n const percent = parseFloat(value);\n if (!isFinite(percent)) return null;\n\n let grade = 'F';\n if (percent >= 90) grade = 'O';\n else if (percent >= 85) grade = 'A+';\n else if (percent >= 80) grade = 'A';\n else if (percent >= 75) grade = 'B+';\n else if (percent >= 70) grade = 'B';\n else if (percent >= 65) grade = 'C+';\n else if (percent >= 60) grade = 'C';\n else if (percent >= 50) grade = 'D';\n\n return grade;\n }\n\n \/\/ Standard System Conversion\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n if (!system) return null;\n\n const val = parseFloat(value);\n if (!isFinite(val)) return null;\n\n if (convType.from === 'cgpa' && convType.to === 'percent') {\n const result = system.formula(val);\n return typeof result === 'number' ? result : null;\n } else if (convType.from === 'percent' && convType.to === 'cgpa') {\n return system.inverse(val);\n } else if (convType.from === 'gpa' && convType.to === 'percent') {\n return system.formula(val);\n } else if (convType.from === 'percent' && convType.to === 'gpa') {\n return system.inverse(val);\n } else if ((convType.from === 'gpa' && convType.to === 'cgpa') || \n (convType.from === 'cgpa' && convType.to === 'gpa')) {\n return val;\n }\n\n return null;\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Calculation error:', error);\n return null;\n }\n }\n\n function getFormulaText() {\n try {\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n if (!system) return 'Formula';\n\n if (appState.currentConversion === 'gpa_scale') {\n const fromScale = getElementValue('fromScale') || 4;\n const toScale = getElementValue('toScale') || 5;\n return `(x \u00f7 ${fromScale}) \u00d7 ${toScale}`;\n }\n\n if (appState.currentSystem === 'custom') {\n return getElementValue('customFormula') || 'Formula...';\n }\n\n return system.formulaText || system.name;\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Formula text error:', error);\n return 'Formula';\n }\n }\n\n function handleConversion() {\n try {\n const input = getInputValue();\n const convType = CONVERSION_TYPES.find(c => c.id === appState.currentConversion);\n const validation = validateInput(input, convType);\n\n const resultEl = getElement('resultValue');\n const msgEl = getElement('validationMessage');\n const progressEl = getElement('progressFill');\n const formulaEl = getElement('formulaDisplay');\n\n if (!resultEl || !msgEl || !progressEl || !formulaEl) return;\n\n msgEl.className = 'validation-message';\n msgEl.textContent = '';\n\n if (!input) {\n resultEl.textContent = '-';\n progressEl.style.width = '0%';\n formulaEl.textContent = getFormulaText();\n return;\n }\n\n if (!validation.valid) {\n msgEl.className = 'validation-message error';\n msgEl.textContent = validation.message;\n resultEl.textContent = '-';\n progressEl.style.width = '0%';\n return;\n }\n\n const result = calculateConversion(input);\n\n if (result === null || (typeof result === 'number' && !isFinite(result))) {\n msgEl.className = 'validation-message error';\n msgEl.textContent = 'Invalid calculation. Check your input or formula.';\n resultEl.textContent = '-';\n progressEl.style.width = '0%';\n return;\n }\n\n const system = CONVERSION_SYSTEMS[appState.currentSystem];\n const decimals = system?.decimals || 2;\n const displayResult = typeof result === 'number' ? result.toFixed(decimals) : String(result);\n\n resultEl.textContent = displayResult;\n\n \/\/ Update progress bar\n let progressPercent = 0;\n if (convType?.to === 'percent') {\n progressPercent = Math.min(Math.max(parseFloat(result) || 0, 0), 100);\n } else if (convType?.to === 'cgpa' || convType?.to === 'gpa') {\n const maxVal = system?.max || 10;\n progressPercent = Math.min(Math.max((parseFloat(result) \/ maxVal) * 100, 0), 100);\n } else if (convType?.to === 'grade') {\n progressPercent = 100;\n }\n\n progressEl.style.width = progressPercent + '%';\n formulaEl.textContent = getFormulaText();\n\n msgEl.className = 'validation-message success';\n msgEl.textContent = '\u2713 Calculation complete';\n\n appState.lastInputValue = input;\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Conversion error:', error);\n const msgEl = getElement('validationMessage');\n if (msgEl) {\n msgEl.className = 'validation-message error';\n msgEl.textContent = 'Error during conversion';\n }\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ USER ACTIONS\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n function copyResult() {\n try {\n const result = getElement('resultValue')?.textContent || '';\n\n if (result === '-') {\n showNotification('No result to copy', 'warning');\n return;\n }\n\n if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) {\n navigator.clipboard.writeText(result)\n .then(() => showNotification(`Copied: ${result}`, 'success'))\n .catch(() => fallbackCopy(result));\n } else {\n fallbackCopy(result);\n }\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Copy error:', error);\n showNotification('Failed to copy', 'error');\n }\n }\n\n function fallbackCopy(text) {\n try {\n const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');\n textarea.value = text;\n textarea.style.position = 'fixed';\n textarea.style.opacity = '0';\n textarea.style.pointerEvents = 'none';\n document.body.appendChild(textarea);\n textarea.select();\n document.execCommand('copy');\n document.body.removeChild(textarea);\n showNotification(`Copied: ${text}`, 'success');\n } catch (error) {\n showNotification('Copy failed', 'error');\n }\n }\n\n function resetForm() {\n try {\n const input = getElement('mainInput');\n if (input) {\n input.value = '';\n input.type === 'select-one' ? (input.selectedIndex = 0) : null;\n }\n\n const customFormula = getElement('customFormula');\n if (customFormula) customFormula.value = '9.5';\n\n setElementText('resultValue', '-');\n getElement('progressFill').style.width = '0%';\n getElement('validationMessage').textContent = '';\n\n if (input) input.focus();\n showNotification('Form reset', 'success');\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Reset error:', error);\n showNotification('Reset error', 'error');\n }\n }\n\n function swapConversion() {\n try {\n const swapMap = {\n 'cgpa2percent': 'percent2cgpa',\n 'percent2cgpa': 'cgpa2percent',\n 'gpa2percent': 'percent2gpa',\n 'percent2gpa': 'gpa2percent',\n 'gpa2cgpa': 'cgpa2gpa',\n 'cgpa2gpa': 'gpa2cgpa'\n };\n\n const newConv = swapMap[appState.currentConversion];\n if (!newConv) return;\n\n const result = getElement('resultValue')?.textContent || '';\n appState.lastSwappedValue = result;\n\n switchConversion(newConv);\n\n if (result && result !== '-') {\n setTimeout(() => {\n try {\n const input = getElement('mainInput');\n if (input) {\n input.value = result;\n input.focus();\n handleConversion();\n }\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Swap input error:', error);\n }\n }, 100);\n }\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Swap error:', error);\n showNotification('Swap failed', 'error');\n }\n }\n\n function showNotification(message, type = 'info') {\n try {\n const notification = document.createElement('div');\n notification.className = `notification ${type}`;\n notification.textContent = message;\n notification.setAttribute('role', 'alert');\n notification.setAttribute('aria-live', 'assertive');\n document.body.appendChild(notification);\n\n setTimeout(() => {\n notification.style.opacity = '0';\n setTimeout(() => {\n try {\n if (document.body.contains(notification)) {\n document.body.removeChild(notification);\n }\n } catch (e) {}\n }, 300);\n }, 3000);\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Notification error:', error);\n }\n }\n\n function setupEventListeners() {\n try {\n document.addEventListener('keypress', (e) => {\n if (e.key === 'Enter' && document.activeElement.id === 'mainInput') {\n handleConversion();\n }\n });\n\n document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {\n if (e.key === 'Escape') {\n const input = getElement('mainInput');\n if (input) input.value = '';\n handleConversion();\n }\n });\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Event listener setup error:', error);\n }\n }\n\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n \/\/ APPLICATION STARTUP\n \/\/ ============================================================================\n\n if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', initialize);\n } else {\n initialize();\n }\n\n window.addEventListener('error', (event) => {\n console.error('Global error:', event.error);\n });\n\n window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => {\n console.error('Unhandled rejection:', event.reason);\n });\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All-in-One GPA\/CGPA\/Percentage Converter GPA\/CGPA Converter Advanced Multi-System Converter System\/University CBSE \/ Most UniversitiesIITs \/ NITUniversal 10-Point ScaleAnna UniversityVTU SystemDelhi UniversityMumbai UniversityAKTUIGNOU International 4.0 GPAInternational 5.0 GPAECTS (European)UK Honours ClassificationCanadian GPAAustralian GPA Custom Formula Select your institution or grading system \u21c5 Result – – \ud83d\udccb Copy \ud83d\udd04 Reset<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-824","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>All-in-One GPA \/ CGPA \/ Percentage Converter - 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